新英语六级710分模拟题及答案(下) |
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Sj163.cn 作者：未知 来源：英卓语言 热度：℃ 时间：2005-11-11 22:52:00 |
Part Ⅲ The Use of English(占总分的15%)
Error Correction (占总分的10%)
Directions:
This part consists of a short passage. In this passage there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark(∧)in the right place and write the missing word in the blank, if you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash(/)in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1._time
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2.______
as a school subject are valid for∧study of television. 3.___the
Whether China’s housing reform can be carried out
successfully will have a profound bearing on the future of the
reform of State-owned enterprises.
Although China’s housing reform registered impressive 54. ______
Progress in the past 10 years, it has still been
fettered by its old-fashioned housing distribution system.
Under this system ,most employees of state enterprises
can still get apartments to their employers, and this practice has 55. ______
turned to be a heavy burden uponthe State firms and a obstacle to56. _____
heir reform.
To clear the runway of the reform, those enterprises should
establish a special shareholding firm in the charge of housing. 57.______
This firm would be held responsible at its own gains and losses. 58.______
Second ,State-own enterprises must draw a clear line 59._______
between housing investment and production investment.
In other words, enterprises should replace the old housing
distribution system to generous housing subsidies under a system 60._______
which encourages employees to buy a home in the market.
Besides, China should beef its efforts to improve its social 61.______
security system and establish public funds for housing as a way
to address urban residents’ housing problems.
The government has options to provide houses with those 62.______
who cannot afford a home. One of them is to take a part of the
pubic funds to build a batch of cheap houses; the other
is redistributing the old houses. 63.______
Short Answer Questions (占总分的5%)
Directions:
In the part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).
Icebergs are among nature’s most spectacular creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come into being-somewhere-in faraway, frigid waters, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence, which in most cases no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly waste away just as unnoticed.
Objects of sheerest beauty, they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes, they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green or purple, tinted faintly or in darker hues. They are graceful, stately, inspiring in calm, sunlit seas.
But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are-in the night, in the fog, and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them. Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them.
Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt. Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time. They embody snows that drifted down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in polar regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries.
As each year’s snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. When new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned to icy grains. So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice.
Questions:
S1.Which is the main idea of this passage?
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
S2.Why does the author state that icebergs are rarely seen?
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
S3.According to the passage, why icebergs are dangerous?
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
S4.How can we account for the formation of an iceberg?
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
S5.What is the author’s attitude toward icebergs?
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Part Ⅳ Writing(占总分的15%)
Directions:
For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic Let’s Go in for Sports. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below.
1.当今世界上，有越来越多的人对体育运动感兴趣；
2.但有些人仍然不了解运动的重要性；
3.体育运动有很高的价值。
答案：
Part Ⅲ The Use of English
54.答案：C。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对介词运用的掌握。
【详细解答】by“截至，在……之前”。此句意为：在世纪之交爵士音乐出现之前，美国(在音乐方面)还没有自己的独特风格。
55.答案：D。
【试题分析】本题要求考试根据上下文选择近义词。
【详细解答】此句与前句的most countries have style of their own是对应的，所以参照前文，应选style。
56.答案：B。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对意义相近动词的辨析。
【详细解答】因为是一种音乐，它不可能被发现（discover），设计（design）和发明（invent），只可能被表演，故应act。
57.答案：A。
【试题分析】本题要求考生根据上下文选择恰当的动词。
【详细解答】根据上下文，此句应意为：但是它在二十世纪初开始受到欢迎(重视)，故选用notice。
58.答案：D。
【试题分析】本题考查考生根据日常常识作选择的能力。
【详细解答】在古典音乐，轻音乐，和流行音乐中，Jazz属于流行音乐，故用popular一词。
59.答案：B。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对词语搭配的掌握。
【详细解答】tradition 应与follow搭配，意为“因袭传统”。该非限定性定语从句意为：古典音乐因袭正统的欧洲传统。
60.答案：A 。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对意义相近动词的辨析。
【详细解答】expressing“表达”，符合题意。B.explaining“解释，说明”；C.exposing“暴露，揭露”。illustrating“举例说明”。该句意为：爵士乐充满活力，能表达人们的情绪、兴趣和心情。
61.答案：C。
【试题分析】本题要求考生根据上下文选择恰当的动词。
【详细解答】其它三个选择与Jazz搭配不妥。
62.答案：A。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对副词运用的掌握。
【详细解答】so作副词，代替上文提到的形容词、名词、动词、介词短语等。如：You say he is clever. So he is.你说他聪明，他确实如此。
63.答案：B。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对名词的辨析。
【详细解答】origins起源，来由。符合句意。A originals原著，原件；C discoveries发现；resources资源；均不符合句意。
64.答案：B。
【试题分析】本题要求考生根据上下文选择恰当的词。
【详细解答】根据上下文，此句应意为：爵士音乐的起源和音乐本身同样有趣。故选itself。
65.答案：C。
【试题分析】本题要求考生根据上下文选择恰当的词。
【详细解答】本段谈论的是爵士音乐的起源，用pioneer表示黑人是最先演奏爵士音乐的，而其它三个选择则与上下文的主题不符。
66.答案：D。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对介词运用的掌握。
【详细解答】此句意为：他们被当作奴隶带到南部各州。
67.答案：C。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对介词运用的掌握。
【详细解答】hour的复数形式hours意为“时间”。
68.答案：C。
【试题分析】本题要求考生根据上下文选择恰当的动词。
【详细解答】form“组成，形成”，这里意为“……组成一支送葬的队伍……”；compose“组成”；但通常用被动形式be composed of表示“由……组成”, host“当主人招待”，demonstrate“示范, 证明,”与句意不符。
69.答案：D。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对名词的辨析。
【详细解答】据上下文“…a procession…”，“on the way to the cemetery”和下文的“…on the way home…”，乐队是伴随送葬的队伍在进行，故选用march。
70.答案：C。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对连词运用的掌握。
【详细解答】根据上下文，此处意为送葬的队伍在回家的路上心情就变了，而选项中只有but是对比连词，表示转折意义。
71.答案：B。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对名词的辨析。
【详细解答】此处意为：死神已经带走了他们中的一员，故用members。
72.答案：D。
【试题分析】本题要求考生根据上下文选择恰当的词。
【详细解答】happy与上文中的solemn相对，在此意为“欢乐的”。
73.答案：D。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对动词运用的掌握。
【详细解答】present此处意为“演奏”，其它三个选择均不能与Jazz搭配使用。
S1.【译文】一个阶级拥有必须有的知识和经验，却缺乏劳动积极性和闲暇，而另一个阶级则没有知识和经验，社会因而无法取得技术的进步。
【翻译技巧】本题主要采用了增词法、语态转换法和词序调整法。
【翻译要点】该句的主干是there was no means，其中by which 引导的定语从句修饰means；介词with 引导的是独立主格结构作句子的原因状语。在翻译时，可将三个独立主格结构译为三个分句，因其表达与汉语的表述相近，可用顺译法，incentive原意为“刺激; 鼓励, 动机”，这里意译为“劳动积极性”。本句的难点在于如何翻译there was no means by which technical progress could be achieved，可将被动语态转换为主动语态，并增译“社会”一词，同时将句首的thus移到此处来，使译文更连贯。
S2.【译文】一般地说，癌细胞分裂的速度比正常细胞快得多。但是，癌组织的增生与正常组织的生长之间的区别与其说是在于前者中细胞分裂的速度快，还不如说癌组织中的癌细胞的增长部分失控或完全失控。这些癌组织不能转化为那种具有正常组织均衡功能特征的，有用的，大小限定的组织。
【翻译技巧】本题主要采用了分译法和语序调整法。
【翻译要点】西方人喜欢采用“浓缩型”的思维方式，习惯将众多的信息靠各种手段凝聚于一个句子单位加以思考，句子结构复杂，纵横交错；而中国人往往更趋向于按时间顺序、逻辑顺序把问题层层铺开，用节节短句逐点交代，这种“展开型”的思维方式更利于把问题说清说透。因此，在翻译这样信息量大又复杂的句子时，可考虑将but之前的分句分译为一句，而第二分句也可拆开译成两句，其中not so much…as…意为“与其说……不如说……”。differentiate在生物学中意为“分化，不断发生进行的发展变化”；为符合汉语的表达习惯，定语从句 that characterizes the functional equilibrium of growth of normal tissue应挪到所修饰语之前来译。
S3.【译文】环保意识要求我们不仅承认生态层的复杂性与互相之间的依赖性，而且必须保持地球上生态与文化的多样性，必须保持自然界的完整性与稳定性，必须保持人的尊严与自由。
【翻译技巧】本题主要采用了顺译法、重译法和增词法。
【翻译要点】本句的结构并不复杂，而且句子的表达顺序也符合汉语的表达顺序，因此可采用顺译法。本句的难点在于如何翻译such an awareness would recognize。首先，根据上下文，我们可知such an awareness指的是environmental awareness，应在译文中明确指代；同时，按照汉语的表达习惯应是“环保意识要求我们承认”，而不是“意识承认”，故应用到增词法；为了起到强调作用，应重译the need to preserve，并将名词need转译为动词“必须”。在翻译时，还应注意句中的一些抽象名词如complexity, diversity, integrity和stability的译法。
S4.【译文】通常，在缓刑期间，如果违法犯罪分子遵守缓刑法令，不再次违法犯罪，则不会受到其它处罚；但是，如果违法犯罪分子违背缓刑法令，或者再次违法犯罪，则会被押回法庭，为他前一次所犯的罪以及这次犯的罪一并受罚。
【翻译技巧】本题主要采用了语态转换法和词序调整法。
【翻译要点】本句是由but连接的两个分句组成的并列句；其中第一个分句中，句子主干为no other penalty is imposed，第二个分句的句子主干为he can be brought back before the court and punished for the original offense；每个分句中，都有一个由if引导的条件状语从句。在翻译第一个分句时，可将套在条件状语从句中的时间状语从句while it is in force挪到前面来译，使之更符合汉语的表达习惯；其中it指的是the offender, 可省去不译；in force意为“在缓刑期间”。应注意在汉语中一般很少用被动语态，所以可将no other penalty is imposed转为主动语态。punished for the original offense as well as the later one 可简单地译为“两罪并罚”。
S5.【译文】有些犯罪分子，违章驾驶犯罪被判刑后，再次使用机动车辆犯同样的罪。一些国家允许法庭取消这种犯罪分子的驾驶资格，其目的在于防止犯罪分子再次犯这样的罪。
【翻译技巧】本题主要采用了分译法和语序调整法。
【翻译要点】本句的主干部分是Some countries allow courts to disqualify。句中介词短语from driving把动词不定式to disqualify和其宾语those offenders…分割开了；who引导的定语从句修饰those offenders，在此从句中还套有一个由for which引导的定语从句修饰the crime；with the aim of 为独立主格结构作主句的目的状语。为了使表达明晰，可将who引导的定语从句分译为一个独立的句子，并移至最前面来译；同时将名词词组in the commission of crime 翻译成了动词词组。to disqualify意为“使不合适；剥夺资格” ；hinder…from 意为“阻止；阻碍”。
Part Ⅳ Writing
写作指导
这是篇分析建议类议论文，即通过对某种现象或问题等进行深入分析，找出其形成的原因或产生的后果，最后得出结论的一种写作方法。根据提纲，作文可采用三段式行文，文中所给的提纲可确立为各段的主题句，但第三段的主题句还需具体化。文章开篇提出现有的改革开放的成果已为我们深化改革奠定了基础，随后进一步论述改革开发取得的具体成果。接着可用However, 承上启下，完成段落的过度，指出深化改革的道路并不平坦，我们必定会遇到重重阻力。最后，文章应强调，要增强我们的国力就要深化改革，因为深化改革将决定国家的未来。我们必须抓住机遇、深化改革、加快改革的步伐以最终实现改革开放的宏伟目标。
Writing Sample
Deepen China’s Reform
The achievements of China’s reform have established a firm foundation for deepening reform. Politically, China has adopted the principle of “governing the country according to law.” China’s economy is vitalized, and people’s living conditions have been improved. Moreover, China enjoys a stable political environment and makes rapid progress in economic construction.
However, the road of deepening reform is uneven. To begin with, further reform means overcoming rooted defects in our political structure and changing unreasonable factors in economic structure, so it will run up against all kinds of resistances and differences. Besides, some old perceptions and conventional ideology are still influential. And not all people welcomes further reform.
To strengthen our country we must continue making our efforts to deepen reform. The depth of reform, to some extent, determines the future development of our country. Therefore, we ought to take full advantage of the best development period, adhere to opening up policy and accelerate the speed of reform so as to attain our goals.
Error Correction (占总分的10%)
Directions:
This part consists of a short passage. In this passage there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark(∧)in the right place and write the missing word in the blank, if you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash(/)in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1._time
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2.______
as a school subject are valid for∧study of television. 3.___the
Whether China’s housing reform can be carried out
successfully will have a profound bearing on the future of the
reform of State-owned enterprises.
Although China’s housing reform registered impressive 54. ______
Progress in the past 10 years, it has still been
fettered by its old-fashioned housing distribution system.
Under this system ,most employees of state enterprises
can still get apartments to their employers, and this practice has 55. ______
turned to be a heavy burden uponthe State firms and a obstacle to56. _____
heir reform.
To clear the runway of the reform, those enterprises should
establish a special shareholding firm in the charge of housing. 57.______
This firm would be held responsible at its own gains and losses. 58.______
Second ,State-own enterprises must draw a clear line 59._______
between housing investment and production investment.
In other words, enterprises should replace the old housing
distribution system to generous housing subsidies under a system 60._______
which encourages employees to buy a home in the market.
Besides, China should beef its efforts to improve its social 61.______
security system and establish public funds for housing as a way
to address urban residents’ housing problems.
The government has options to provide houses with those 62.______
who cannot afford a home. One of them is to take a part of the
pubic funds to build a batch of cheap houses; the other
is redistributing the old houses. 63.______
Short Answer Questions (占总分的5%)
Directions:
In the part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).
Icebergs are among nature’s most spectacular creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come into being-somewhere-in faraway, frigid waters, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence, which in most cases no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly waste away just as unnoticed.
Objects of sheerest beauty, they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes, they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green or purple, tinted faintly or in darker hues. They are graceful, stately, inspiring in calm, sunlit seas.
But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are-in the night, in the fog, and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them. Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them.
Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt. Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time. They embody snows that drifted down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in polar regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries.
As each year’s snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. When new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned to icy grains. So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice.
Questions:
S1.Which is the main idea of this passage?
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
S2.Why does the author state that icebergs are rarely seen?
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
S3.According to the passage, why icebergs are dangerous?
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
S4.How can we account for the formation of an iceberg?
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
S5.What is the author’s attitude toward icebergs?
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Part Ⅳ Writing(占总分的15%)
Directions:
For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic Let’s Go in for Sports. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below.
1.当今世界上，有越来越多的人对体育运动感兴趣；
2.但有些人仍然不了解运动的重要性；
3.体育运动有很高的价值。
答案：
Part Ⅲ The Use of English
54.答案：C。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对介词运用的掌握。
【详细解答】by“截至，在……之前”。此句意为：在世纪之交爵士音乐出现之前，美国(在音乐方面)还没有自己的独特风格。
55.答案：D。
【试题分析】本题要求考试根据上下文选择近义词。
【详细解答】此句与前句的most countries have style of their own是对应的，所以参照前文，应选style。
56.答案：B。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对意义相近动词的辨析。
【详细解答】因为是一种音乐，它不可能被发现（discover），设计（design）和发明（invent），只可能被表演，故应act。
57.答案：A。
【试题分析】本题要求考生根据上下文选择恰当的动词。
【详细解答】根据上下文，此句应意为：但是它在二十世纪初开始受到欢迎(重视)，故选用notice。
58.答案：D。
【试题分析】本题考查考生根据日常常识作选择的能力。
【详细解答】在古典音乐，轻音乐，和流行音乐中，Jazz属于流行音乐，故用popular一词。
59.答案：B。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对词语搭配的掌握。
【详细解答】tradition 应与follow搭配，意为“因袭传统”。该非限定性定语从句意为：古典音乐因袭正统的欧洲传统。
60.答案：A 。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对意义相近动词的辨析。
【详细解答】expressing“表达”，符合题意。B.explaining“解释，说明”；C.exposing“暴露，揭露”。illustrating“举例说明”。该句意为：爵士乐充满活力，能表达人们的情绪、兴趣和心情。
61.答案：C。
【试题分析】本题要求考生根据上下文选择恰当的动词。
【详细解答】其它三个选择与Jazz搭配不妥。
62.答案：A。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对副词运用的掌握。
【详细解答】so作副词，代替上文提到的形容词、名词、动词、介词短语等。如：You say he is clever. So he is.你说他聪明，他确实如此。
63.答案：B。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对名词的辨析。
【详细解答】origins起源，来由。符合句意。A originals原著，原件；C discoveries发现；resources资源；均不符合句意。
64.答案：B。
【试题分析】本题要求考生根据上下文选择恰当的词。
【详细解答】根据上下文，此句应意为：爵士音乐的起源和音乐本身同样有趣。故选itself。
65.答案：C。
【试题分析】本题要求考生根据上下文选择恰当的词。
【详细解答】本段谈论的是爵士音乐的起源，用pioneer表示黑人是最先演奏爵士音乐的，而其它三个选择则与上下文的主题不符。
66.答案：D。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对介词运用的掌握。
【详细解答】此句意为：他们被当作奴隶带到南部各州。
67.答案：C。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对介词运用的掌握。
【详细解答】hour的复数形式hours意为“时间”。
68.答案：C。
【试题分析】本题要求考生根据上下文选择恰当的动词。
【详细解答】form“组成，形成”，这里意为“……组成一支送葬的队伍……”；compose“组成”；但通常用被动形式be composed of表示“由……组成”, host“当主人招待”，demonstrate“示范, 证明,”与句意不符。
69.答案：D。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对名词的辨析。
【详细解答】据上下文“…a procession…”，“on the way to the cemetery”和下文的“…on the way home…”，乐队是伴随送葬的队伍在进行，故选用march。
70.答案：C。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对连词运用的掌握。
【详细解答】根据上下文，此处意为送葬的队伍在回家的路上心情就变了，而选项中只有but是对比连词，表示转折意义。
71.答案：B。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对名词的辨析。
【详细解答】此处意为：死神已经带走了他们中的一员，故用members。
72.答案：D。
【试题分析】本题要求考生根据上下文选择恰当的词。
【详细解答】happy与上文中的solemn相对，在此意为“欢乐的”。
73.答案：D。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对动词运用的掌握。
【详细解答】present此处意为“演奏”，其它三个选择均不能与Jazz搭配使用。
S1.【译文】一个阶级拥有必须有的知识和经验，却缺乏劳动积极性和闲暇，而另一个阶级则没有知识和经验，社会因而无法取得技术的进步。
【翻译技巧】本题主要采用了增词法、语态转换法和词序调整法。
【翻译要点】该句的主干是there was no means，其中by which 引导的定语从句修饰means；介词with 引导的是独立主格结构作句子的原因状语。在翻译时，可将三个独立主格结构译为三个分句，因其表达与汉语的表述相近，可用顺译法，incentive原意为“刺激; 鼓励, 动机”，这里意译为“劳动积极性”。本句的难点在于如何翻译there was no means by which technical progress could be achieved，可将被动语态转换为主动语态，并增译“社会”一词，同时将句首的thus移到此处来，使译文更连贯。
S2.【译文】一般地说，癌细胞分裂的速度比正常细胞快得多。但是，癌组织的增生与正常组织的生长之间的区别与其说是在于前者中细胞分裂的速度快，还不如说癌组织中的癌细胞的增长部分失控或完全失控。这些癌组织不能转化为那种具有正常组织均衡功能特征的，有用的，大小限定的组织。
【翻译技巧】本题主要采用了分译法和语序调整法。
【翻译要点】西方人喜欢采用“浓缩型”的思维方式，习惯将众多的信息靠各种手段凝聚于一个句子单位加以思考，句子结构复杂，纵横交错；而中国人往往更趋向于按时间顺序、逻辑顺序把问题层层铺开，用节节短句逐点交代，这种“展开型”的思维方式更利于把问题说清说透。因此，在翻译这样信息量大又复杂的句子时，可考虑将but之前的分句分译为一句，而第二分句也可拆开译成两句，其中not so much…as…意为“与其说……不如说……”。differentiate在生物学中意为“分化，不断发生进行的发展变化”；为符合汉语的表达习惯，定语从句 that characterizes the functional equilibrium of growth of normal tissue应挪到所修饰语之前来译。
S3.【译文】环保意识要求我们不仅承认生态层的复杂性与互相之间的依赖性，而且必须保持地球上生态与文化的多样性，必须保持自然界的完整性与稳定性，必须保持人的尊严与自由。
【翻译技巧】本题主要采用了顺译法、重译法和增词法。
【翻译要点】本句的结构并不复杂，而且句子的表达顺序也符合汉语的表达顺序，因此可采用顺译法。本句的难点在于如何翻译such an awareness would recognize。首先，根据上下文，我们可知such an awareness指的是environmental awareness，应在译文中明确指代；同时，按照汉语的表达习惯应是“环保意识要求我们承认”，而不是“意识承认”，故应用到增词法；为了起到强调作用，应重译the need to preserve，并将名词need转译为动词“必须”。在翻译时，还应注意句中的一些抽象名词如complexity, diversity, integrity和stability的译法。
S4.【译文】通常，在缓刑期间，如果违法犯罪分子遵守缓刑法令，不再次违法犯罪，则不会受到其它处罚；但是，如果违法犯罪分子违背缓刑法令，或者再次违法犯罪，则会被押回法庭，为他前一次所犯的罪以及这次犯的罪一并受罚。
【翻译技巧】本题主要采用了语态转换法和词序调整法。
【翻译要点】本句是由but连接的两个分句组成的并列句；其中第一个分句中，句子主干为no other penalty is imposed，第二个分句的句子主干为he can be brought back before the court and punished for the original offense；每个分句中，都有一个由if引导的条件状语从句。在翻译第一个分句时，可将套在条件状语从句中的时间状语从句while it is in force挪到前面来译，使之更符合汉语的表达习惯；其中it指的是the offender, 可省去不译；in force意为“在缓刑期间”。应注意在汉语中一般很少用被动语态，所以可将no other penalty is imposed转为主动语态。punished for the original offense as well as the later one 可简单地译为“两罪并罚”。
S5.【译文】有些犯罪分子，违章驾驶犯罪被判刑后，再次使用机动车辆犯同样的罪。一些国家允许法庭取消这种犯罪分子的驾驶资格，其目的在于防止犯罪分子再次犯这样的罪。
【翻译技巧】本题主要采用了分译法和语序调整法。
【翻译要点】本句的主干部分是Some countries allow courts to disqualify。句中介词短语from driving把动词不定式to disqualify和其宾语those offenders…分割开了；who引导的定语从句修饰those offenders，在此从句中还套有一个由for which引导的定语从句修饰the crime；with the aim of 为独立主格结构作主句的目的状语。为了使表达明晰，可将who引导的定语从句分译为一个独立的句子，并移至最前面来译；同时将名词词组in the commission of crime 翻译成了动词词组。to disqualify意为“使不合适；剥夺资格” ；hinder…from 意为“阻止；阻碍”。
Part Ⅳ Writing
写作指导
这是篇分析建议类议论文，即通过对某种现象或问题等进行深入分析，找出其形成的原因或产生的后果，最后得出结论的一种写作方法。根据提纲，作文可采用三段式行文，文中所给的提纲可确立为各段的主题句，但第三段的主题句还需具体化。文章开篇提出现有的改革开放的成果已为我们深化改革奠定了基础，随后进一步论述改革开发取得的具体成果。接着可用However, 承上启下，完成段落的过度，指出深化改革的道路并不平坦，我们必定会遇到重重阻力。最后，文章应强调，要增强我们的国力就要深化改革，因为深化改革将决定国家的未来。我们必须抓住机遇、深化改革、加快改革的步伐以最终实现改革开放的宏伟目标。
Writing Sample
Deepen China’s Reform
The achievements of China’s reform have established a firm foundation for deepening reform. Politically, China has adopted the principle of “governing the country according to law.” China’s economy is vitalized, and people’s living conditions have been improved. Moreover, China enjoys a stable political environment and makes rapid progress in economic construction.
However, the road of deepening reform is uneven. To begin with, further reform means overcoming rooted defects in our political structure and changing unreasonable factors in economic structure, so it will run up against all kinds of resistances and differences. Besides, some old perceptions and conventional ideology are still influential. And not all people welcomes further reform.
To strengthen our country we must continue making our efforts to deepen reform. The depth of reform, to some extent, determines the future development of our country. Therefore, we ought to take full advantage of the best development period, adhere to opening up policy and accelerate the speed of reform so as to attain our goals.
文章录入：willow 责任编辑：ushering
